West Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

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West Flanders
West-Vlaanderen
Flandre-Occidentale
Westflandern
Constituency
for the Chamber of Representatives
Outline map
Location of West Flanders within Belgium
ProvinceWest Flanders
RegionFlanders
Population1,220,026 (2023)[1]
Electorate942,783 (2019)
Area3,197 km2 (2023)[2]
Current Constituency
Created2003
Seats16 (2003–present)
Members[3]
List
Created from

West Flanders (Dutch: West-Vlaanderen; French: Flandre-Occidentale; German: Westflandern) is one of the 11 multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Representatives, the lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament, the national legislature of Belgium. The constituency was established in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Belgium along provincial lines. It is conterminous with the province of West Flanders. The constituency currently elects 16 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 federal election the constituency had 942,783 registered electors.

Electoral system[edit]

West Flanders currently elects 16 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[4][5] Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[6][7] Only parties that reach the 5% threshold in the constituency compete for seats.[8][9]

Election results[edit]

Summary[edit]

Election Workers
PVDA
Groen
Groen / Agalev
Vooruit
Vooruit / SP.A /
SP.A-Spirit
Liberals & Democrats
Open Vld / VLD
Christian Democrats
CD&V
New Flemish
N-VA / CD&V-N-VA
Vlaams Belang
VB / VB
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2019 29,205 3.62% 0 63,870 7.92% 1 118,512 14.70% 2 105,192 13.04% 2 142,512 17.67% 3 172,751 21.42% 4 164,427 20.39% 4
2014 13,397 1.66% 0 63,657 7.88% 1 142,406 17.63% 3 111,388 13.79% 2 175,669 21.74% 4 230,265 28.50% 6 38,232 4.73% 0
2010 6,489 0.83% 0 49,533 6.31% 1 118,803 15.13% 3 106,265 13.53% 2 180,702 23.01% 4 188,317 23.98% 4 71,200 9.07% 1
2007 4,621 0.57% 0 46,763 5.82% 1 131,764 16.39% 2 133,238 16.58% 3 274,888 34.20% 6 115,982 14.43% 2
2003 2,110 0.27% 0 25,577 3.22% 0 197,669 24.91% 4 172,307 21.72% 4 212,932 26.84% 5 55,292 6.97% 1 111,795 14.09% 2

(Figures in italics represent alliances.)

Detailed[edit]

2019[edit]

Results of the 2019 federal election held on 26 May 2019:[10][11][12]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Bruges Diks
-muide
Kortrijk Ostend Roese
-lare
Tielt Veurne Ypres Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 44,396 6,564 37,859 22,763 21,739 13,756 13,410 12,036 228 172,751 21.42% 4
Vlaams Belang VB 33,964 8,273 39,948 21,893 24,060 14,606 6,656 14,953 74 164,427 20.39% 4
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 37,110 6,733 34,191 11,210 19,524 13,935 6,089 13,611 109 142,512 17.67% 3
Socialist Party Different SP.A 28,223 5,829 27,790 19,015 13,611 6,993 5,960 11,009 82 118,512 14.70% 2
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 24,366 4,364 27,071 14,694 10,807 7,298 6,007 10,370 215 105,192 13.04% 2
Groen Groen 19,496 1,694 16,254 7,867 7,280 3,657 2,554 4,764 304 63,870 7.92% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 6,821 1,019 7,724 4,551 3,405 1,951 1,198 2,496 40 29,205 3.62% 0
DierAnimal 3,036 351 1,936 1,721 901 581 609 772 19 9,926 1.23% 0
Valid Votes 197,412 34,827 192,773 103,714 101,327 62,777 42,483 70,011 1,071 806,395 100.00% 16
Rejected Votes 9,199 2,313 10,613 5,445 5,603 3,988 2,140 4,903 63 44,267 5.20%
Total Polled 206,611 37,140 203,386 109,159 106,930 66,765 44,623 74,914 1,134 850,662 90.23%
Registered Electors 233,787 40,340 221,802 123,889 117,030 71,973 50,542 81,895 1,525 942,783
Turnout 88.38% 92.07% 91.70% 88.11% 91.37% 92.76% 88.29% 91.48% 74.36% 90.23%

The following candidates were elected:[12] Björn Anseeuw (N-VA), 13,202 votes; Hendrik Bogaert (CD&V), 48,421 votes; John Crombez (SP.A), 55,678 votes; Jean-Marie Dedecker (N-VA), 40,781 votes; Wouter De Vriendt (Groen), 14,596 votes; Franky Demon (CD&V), 18,221 votes; Melissa Depraetere (SP.A), 12,601 votes; Nathalie Dewulf (VB), 11,593 votes; Yngvild Ingels (N-VA), 13,131 votes; Sander Loones (N-VA), 44,070 votes; Nathalie Muylle (CD&V), 23,067 votes; Kurt Ravyts (VB), 9,567 votes; Dominiek Spinnewyn-Sneppe (VB), 10,654 votes; Vincent Van Quickenborne (Open Vld), 40,292 votes; Kathleen Verhelst (Open Vld), 11,533 votes; and Wouter Vermeersch (VB), 31,127 votes.

Substitutions:[13]

2014[edit]

Results of the 2014 federal election held on 25 May 2014:[14][15][16]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Bruges Diks
-muide
Kortrijk Ostend Roese
-lare
Tielt Veurne Ypres Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 58,294 9,208 52,475 27,743 31,902 19,057 13,679 17,703 204 230,265 28.50% 6
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 40,957 8,267 45,765 13,848 23,553 18,370 7,174 17,581 154 175,669 21.74% 4
Socialist Party Different SP.A 34,210 6,420 33,159 23,376 15,767 8,246 8,094 13,036 98 142,406 17.63% 3
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 26,542 5,277 26,225 16,087 11,757 7,473 6,867 10,960 200 111,388 13.79% 2
Groen Groen 18,794 1,739 16,077 8,957 7,178 3,636 2,507 4,589 180 63,657 7.88% 1
Vlaams Belang VB 8,889 1,632 9,155 5,176 5,323 3,170 1,472 3,363 52 38,232 4.73% 0
Libertair, Direct, Democratisch LDD 5,491 1,606 5,032 7,213 2,892 1,889 2,199 2,074 18 28,414 3.52% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 3,106 475 3,905 1,755 1,605 890 479 1,167 15 13,397 1.66% 0
ROSSEM 753 155 503 413 365 217 109 294 1 2,810 0.35% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 465 49 408 262 142 76 118 165 6 1,691 0.21% 0
Valid Votes 197,501 34,828 192,704 104,830 100,484 63,024 42,698 70,932 928 807,929 100.00% 16
Rejected Votes 9,871 2,395 10,921 5,415 6,103 4,040 2,134 4,870 61 45,810 5.37%
Total Polled 207,372 37,223 203,625 110,245 106,587 67,064 44,832 75,802 989 853,739 91.32%
Registered Electors 230,253 40,124 220,449 123,058 115,742 71,781 49,954 82,254 1,257 934,872
Turnout 90.06% 92.77% 92.37% 89.59% 92.09% 93.43% 89.75% 92.16% 78.68% 91.32%

The following candidates were elected:[16] Hendrik Bogaert (CD&V), 58,649 votes; An Capoen (N-VA), 15,636 votes; Koenraad Degroote (N-VA), 17,699 votes; Franky Demon (CD&V), 16,394 votes; Roel Deseyn (CD&V), 20,413 votes; Wouter De Vriendt (Groen), 14,700 votes; Daphné Dumery (N-VA), 21,007 votes; Rita Gantois (N-VA), 14,696 votes; Sabien Lahaye-Battheu (Open Vld), 17,640 votes; Nathalie Muylle (CD&V), 25,767 votes; Alain Top (SP.A), 9,572 votes;Johan Vande Lanotte (SP.A), 68,898 votes; Ann Vanheste (SP.A), 12,149 votes; Vincent Van Quickenborne (Open Vld), 38,896 votes; Jan Vercammen (N-VA), 15,782 votes; and Brecht Vermeulen (N-VA), 37,005 votes.

2010[edit]

Results of the 2010 federal election held on 13 June 2010:[17][18][19]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Bruges Diks
-muide
Kortrijk Ostend Roese
-lare
Tielt Veurne Ypres Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 48,511 6,469 44,054 23,066 26,354 15,697 10,175 13,844 147 188,317 23.98% 4
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 39,838 9,697 45,003 14,684 24,670 17,862 7,583 21,252 113 180,702 23.01% 4
Socialist Party Different SP.A 29,582 4,311 28,703 19,258 13,650 6,510 6,856 9,871 62 118,803 15.13% 3
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 26,371 4,977 25,973 14,135 11,102 8,228 6,509 8,848 122 106,265 13.53% 2
Vlaams Belang VB 16,344 3,056 18,013 9,487 9,403 5,556 2,923 6,370 48 71,200 9.07% 1
List Dedecker LDD 12,302 3,362 11,760 12,584 6,805 4,249 4,084 5,051 13 60,210 7.67% 1
Groen Groen 14,197 1,363 12,277 7,424 5,468 2,818 2,457 3,438 91 49,533 6.31% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 1,407 227 2,024 810 725 383 338 574 1 6,489 0.83% 0
Freedom, Intimacy, Home, Work and Love VITAL 581 88 514 459 236 101 76 202 2 2,259 0.29% 0
Left Socialist Party LSP 326 55 348 245 142 84 124 118 1 1,443 0.18% 0
Valid Votes 189,459 33,605 188,669 102,152 98,555 61,488 41,125 69,568 600 785,221 100.00% 16
Rejected Votes 10,511 2,665 12,180 6,200 6,709 4,628 2,380 5,234 14 50,521 6.05%
Total Polled 199,970 36,270 200,849 108,352 105,264 66,116 43,505 74,802 614 835,742 91.23%
Registered Electors 221,838 39,281 217,967 120,886 114,101 70,820 48,868 81,651 695 916,107
Turnout 90.14% 92.33% 92.15% 89.63% 92.26% 93.36% 89.03% 91.61% 88.35% 91.23%

The following candidates were elected:[19] Hendrik Bogaert (CD&V), 37,095 votes; Manu Beuselinck (N-VA), 10,466 votes; Geert Bourgeois (N-VA), 45,848 votes; Stefaan De Clerck (CD&V), 43,946 votes; Jean-Marie Dedecker (LDD), 32,514 votes; Koenraad Degroote (N-VA), 11,145 votes; Wouter De Vriendt (Groen), 11,302 votes; Daphné Dumery (N-VA), 13,717 votes; Sabien Lahaye-Battheu (Open Vld), 13,394 votes; Renaat Landuyt (SP.A), 38,216 votes; Yves Leterme (CD&V), 101,830 votes; Peter Logghe (VB), 10,563 votes; Nathalie Muylle (CD&V), 26,116 votes; Ann Vanheste (SP.A), 7,883 votes; Myriam Vanlerberghe (SP.A), 14,195 votes; and Vincent Van Quickenborne (Open Vld), 45,196 votes.

Substitutions:[20]

2007[edit]

Results of the 2007 federal election held on 10 June 2007:[21][22]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Bruges Diks
-muide
Kortrijk Ostend Roese
-lare
Tielt Veurne Ypres Expat
-riates
Christian Democratic and Flemish
and New Flemish Alliance
CD&V-N-VA 62,374 12,103 69,923 20,674 40,780 28,293 12,183 28,320 238 274,888 34.20% 6
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 34,417 5,908 31,587 19,080 13,291 9,433 8,775 10,578 169 133,238 16.58% 3
Socialist Party Different and Spirit SP.A-Spirit 33,645 5,214 30,342 24,544 14,306 6,168 6,406 11,065 74 131,764 16.39% 2
Vlaams Belang VB 29,010 4,389 29,036 15,548 14,845 8,563 4,972 9,503 116 115,982 14.43% 2
List Dedecker LDD 21,008 4,537 18,346 15,741 10,610 6,687 6,362 7,081 31 90,403 11.25% 2
Groen Groen 13,918 1,294 11,231 6,382 5,437 2,812 2,087 3,502 100 46,763 5.82% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 1,040 157 1,415 499 535 332 243 395 5 4,621 0.57% 0
Committee for Another Policy CAP 549 114 751 262 284 161 100 173 0 2,394 0.30% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 660 40 338 353 103 66 174 193 8 1,935 0.24% 0
Freedom, Intimacy, Home, Work and Love VITAL 473 48 433 303 170 99 79 175 0 1,780 0.22% 0
Valid Votes 197,094 33,804 193,402 103,386 100,361 62,614 41,381 70,985 741 803,768 100.00% 16
Rejected Votes 8,778 2,467 10,265 5,430 5,684 3,879 2,159 4,705 28 43,395 5.12%
Total Polled 205,872 36,271 203,667 108,816 106,045 66,493 43,540 75,690 769 847,163 93.05%
Registered Electors 224,767 38,486 216,521 118,808 112,864 70,210 47,640 80,288 898 910,482
Turnout 91.59% 94.24% 94.06% 91.59% 93.96% 94.71% 91.39% 94.27% 85.63% 93.05%

The following candidates were elected:[22] Hendrik Bogaert (CD&V-N-VA), 87,658 votes; Agnes Bruyninckx-Vandenhoudt (VB), 8,387 votes; Koen Bultinck (VB), 19,344 votes; Stefaan De Clerck (CD&V-N-VA), 54,243 votes; Jean-Marie Dedecker (LDD), 51,120 votes; Els De Rammelaere (CD&V-N-VA), 21,324 votes; Roel Deseyn (CD&V-N-VA), 30,309 votes; Wouter De Vriendt (Groen), 8,233 votes; Dalila Douifi (SP.A-Spirit), 13,559 votes; Luc Goutry (CD&V-N-VA), 39,684 votes; Sabien Lahaye-Battheu (Open Vld), 13,908 votes; Renaat Landuyt (SP.A-Spirit), 38,216 votes; Nathalie Muylle (CD&V-N-VA), 35,067 votes; Bart Tommelein (Open Vld), 13,220 votes; Vincent Van Quickenborne (Open Vld), 54,968 votes; and Ulla Werbrouck (LDD), 11,745 votes.

Substitutions:[23]

2003[edit]

Results of the 2003 federal election held on 18 May 2003:[24][25]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Bruges Diks
-muide
Kortrijk Ostend Roese
-lare
Tielt Veurne Ypres Expat
-riates
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 45,930 9,916 57,681 16,173 29,072 23,632 8,357 21,940 231 212,932 26.84% 5
Socialist Party Different and Spirit SP.A-Spirit 49,304 8,476 46,286 33,467 22,584 10,412 9,221 17,827 92 197,669 24.91% 4
Flemish Liberals and Democrats VLD 46,137 7,025 38,955 23,815 18,274 12,341 11,524 14,022 214 172,307 21.72% 4
Vlaams Blok VB 28,167 4,412 27,513 16,068 12,756 8,166 5,328 9,238 147 111,795 14.09% 2
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 11,807 1,879 13,531 5,290 11,680 4,526 2,796 3,743 40 55,292 6.97% 1
Agalev Agalev 8,623 665 6,067 2,825 2,832 1,393 1,144 1,980 48 25,577 3.22% 0
Vivant Vivant 1,965 161 1,405 1,104 701 515 429 503 12 6,795 0.86% 0
Liberal Appeal LA 884 156 575 674 378 176 446 319 15 3,623 0.46% 0
Safe Blue 642 66 340 799 146 96 139 139 8 2,375 0.30% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 492 68 661 240 176 174 118 177 4 2,110 0.27% 0
OMNIUM 407 42 599 177 133 78 59 118 3 1,616 0.20% 0
Freedom, Intimacy, Home, Work and Love VITAL 329 48 319 223 142 78 63 120 3 1,325 0.17% 0
Valid Votes 194,687 32,914 193,932 100,855 98,874 61,587 39,624 70,126 817 793,416 100.00% 16
Rejected Votes 10,056 2,576 11,211 5,964 6,321 4,177 2,123 5,103 74 47,605 5.66%
Total Polled 204,743 35,490 205,143 106,819 105,195 65,764 41,747 75,229 891 841,021 93.76%
Registered Electors 221,277 37,540 215,265 115,820 111,205 69,107 45,671 80,160 959 897,004
Turnout 92.53% 94.54% 95.30% 92.23% 94.60% 95.16% 91.41% 93.85% 92.91% 93.76%

The following candidates were elected:[26] Geert Bourgeois (N-VA), 30,976 votes; Koen Bultinck (VB), 7,406 votes; Stefaan De Clerck (CD&V), 98,671 votes; Philippe De Coene (SP.A-Spirit), 15,750 votes; Roel Deseyn (CD&V), 19,918 votes; Dalila Douifi (SP.A-Spirit), 17,009 votes; Luc Goutry (CD&V), 28,381 votes; Sabien Lahaye-Battheu (VLD), 15,419 votes; Renaat Landuyt (SP.A-Spirit), 43,985 votes; Pierre Lano (VLD), 17,294 votes; Yves Leterme (CD&V), 70,254 votes; Trees Pieters (CD&V), 23,556 votes; Bart Tommelein (VLD), 10,572 votes; Johan Vande Lanotte (SP.A-Spirit), 89,950 votes; Frank Vanhecke (VB), 36,150 votes; and Marc Verwilghen (VLD), 59,220 votes.

Substitutions:[27]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Population by place of residence, nationality (Belgian/non-Belgian), marital status, age and gender". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Land use according to the land register". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  3. ^ "Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Election for Belgian Chamber of Representatives". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Belgium". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Belgium: Chambre des Représentants (House of Representatives)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Telling, verdeling van de zetels en aanwijzing van de verkozenen - Kamer voor Volksvertegenwoordigers". Directie van de Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  8. ^ "Elections 2019: The 5% electoral threshold". VRT. Brussels, Belgium. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Parliamentary information sheets: N° 09.00 The House of Representatives - Election" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 1 August 2019. p. 1. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 26 mei 2019 - Kieskring West-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  13. ^ "DOC 55 0001/015 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  14. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 25 mei 2014 - Kieskring West-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kieskring en per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  18. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 13 juni 2010 - Kieskring West-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  20. ^ "DOC 53 0001/004 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 25 April 2014. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  21. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 10 juni 2007: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 23–24. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  22. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 10 juni 2007 - Kieskring West-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  23. ^ "DOC 52 0001/008 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 27 November 2009. pp. 22–23. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  24. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 24–25. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  25. ^ "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 18 mei 2003 - Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  26. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 350–393. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  27. ^ "DOC 51 0001/005 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 30 April 2006. pp. 24–25. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  28. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 441–445. Retrieved 30 May 2024.