Murusade

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آل مرسذه Murusade
Hawiye Somali clan
Ethnicity	Somali
Nisba	Adere
Location	Somalia
Descended From	Karanle bin Hawiye bin Samaale
Parent tribe	Karanle
Branches	Sabti: Abu Bakr Sabti Abdalla Sabti Idinle Sabti Ibrahiim Sabti Foorculus: Mohammed Foorculus Ahmed Foorculus Habar Ceyno
Language	Somali Arabic
Religion	Sunni Islam

The Mursade (Somali: Mursado, Mursal; Arabic: مرسذه) are a Somali subclan, part of the Karanle Clan, which is itself a part of the larger Hawiye Clan. They primarily reside in the central regions of Somalia, with a particular focus on the Galgaduud.

Overview

An illustration of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Somali Imam and General of the Adal Sultanate, Ruler of Harar and Conqueror of Ethiopia. Member of the Seexawle Karanle brother of Murusade.

The Murusade, who are an integral part of the Karanle clan family, consist of various sub-clans, including the Gidir, Kariyee, Sexawle, Faduma, and Murusade themselves. Among the larger Hawiye tribe, the Murusade holds significant importance as one of the most prominent sub-clans. It is noteworthy that the Hawiye trace their lineage back to Irir, one of the esteemed sons of Samaale. Consequently, the Murusade share close kinship ties with other Samaale clans. Directly descending from Karanle, who holds the distinction of being the eldest son of Hawiye, the Murusade have played a pivotal role in mediation throughout history. The Karanle clan, to which the Murusade belong, is revered for their valiant efforts in combating foreign invaders in both Somalia and Ethiopia, as these two nations historically shared an extensive border. In fact, the Karanle are considered the maternal ancestors of numerous prominent clan families, including the Hiraab, the Bimal, and certain Ogaden subclans.

As a young child, Murusade, whose given name is Mursal, also known as Waadere (adere is the alternative name for the city of Harar where Mursal was born), and his sister Fadumo embarked on a journey that led them to central Somalia, thereby separating them from their Karanle siblings. It is worth mentioning that Fadumo married Hiraab, who is recognised as the progenitor of the Hiraab clan. Interestingly, according to folk tales, Hiraab initially did not wish for Murusade to accompany them on this journey and even attempted to remove him along the way. However, Murusade consistently managed to find his way back, earning him the epithet 'heridiid,' future denier, which is still occasionally used by the Hiraab clans. This anecdote highlights the resilience and determination displayed by the Murusade community up to this day.

The Murusade hail from a background of nomadic agro-pastoralism and have a widespread geographical presence within the central regions of Somalia. Their influence has been extensive in moulding the historical, political, and economic development of these regions. Of particular significance is their predominant position in the El Buur district, an area that has been inhabited since the 13th century and has served as a crucial economic hub during the Ajuuran Sultanate and subsequent eras. The region was historically important due to its extensive reserves of valuable minerals and various other valuable resources. Throughout history, this particular area has held great significance as it served as a crucial hub for the extraction of sepiolite, alongside other highly sought-after resources. These resources were then utilised in the creation of traditional Somali handcrafts, including but not limited to the renowned dabqaad, also referred to as unsi, as well as incense burners, potteries and jewellery among an array of other captivating traditional Somali handcrafts. El Buur is also the place of origin of the local pipe-making industry.

Furthermore, the Murusade also hold a significant presence in Moqdishu, where they form the majority population alongside the Abgaal clan. In the past, there was a fair division between the Murusade group and the Abgaal community. However, with the evolution of Mogadishu into the capital city of Somalia, a wave of Somali migrants flocked to establish themselves there. Consequently, the governing administrations introduced new regulations regarding land acquisition, which compelled the Murusade to cede their own territories and lands. The Murusade are widely recognised for their entrepreneurial spirit, which is reflected in their ownership of a disproportionately high number of businesses in Moqdishu and elsewhere, including the well-known enterprise, Hormuud. Their entrepreneurial endeavours have not only contributed to the economic landscape of the capital but have also cemented their status as key players in the business sector. In conclusion, the Murusade clan, and their heritage, have left an indelible mark on the central regions of Somalia. Their historical, political, and economic influence cannot be understated, particularly in the El Buur district and Moqdishu.

Despite facing challenges in recent times, such as land disputes with neighbouring clans, the Murusade continue to demonstrate their resilience and entrepreneurial prowess, further solidifying their position as a prominent clan in Somali society.

History

Medieval Era

The Murusade have a rich mercantile heritage that dates back along the ancient Banadir coast and central Somalia. Throughout history, they have demonstrated a strong proclivity towards mercantilism and various forms of commerce, actively engaging in a wide array of economic pursuits. These activities ranged from nomadic pastoralism in the arid deserts of central Somalia to agricultural practices along the fertile lands surrounding the Shabelle River. Moreover, the Murusade have been actively involved in trade within bustling urban hubs and settlements located along the Banadir coast, including the city of Mogadishu, which is the current capital of Somalia and where they were among the earliest settlers.

The Murusade Merchants had established extensive and intricate relationships with a multitude of sultanates and kingdoms situated along the Banadir coast, showcasing the remarkable reputation they had meticulously crafted over time. This notable reputation resulted in the appointment of Murusade judges and representatives in the courts of these entities, most notably in the Ajuuraan Sultanate. The Murusade's profound inclination towards mercantilism propelled them to venture further south along the Banadir coast, thereby granting them access to additional markets in the southern regions, particularly in bustling cities like Merca and Barawe, ultimately leading to a period of unprecedented prosperity. However, this significant migration south along the Banadir coast inadvertently caused the Murusade clan to become detached to a degree. I. M. Lewis provides a highly valuable reference to this as well as their presence along the Banadir coast, stating:

"The Murosade, who have become detached in the process of tribal movement, are found in small groups in the region of Merca and, in a larger body, below the Shebelle around Afgoi. They are essentially pastoralists, although they practice some cultivation, and in the Merca region, they are engaged in the caravan trade."

The clan also maintained strong ties with their Karanle counterparts located within and surrounding the emirate of Harar, as well as its predacessor, the Adal Sultanate. These connections were effectively employed to ease their participation in commercial caravans originating from the northern territories. The primary purpose of these caravans was to transport and export a diverse range of locally-made traditional Somali handicrafts. Among these handcrafts was the famous dabqaad, also recognised as unsi, as well as various items like incense burners, pottery, clay ovens, and jewellery, among a plethora of other traditional Somali handicrafts. These products were procured from Ceel Buur, a notable Murusade settlement, which served as the clan's main trading hub in central and northern Somalia. It was from this hub that they obtained significant quantities of economically valuable minerals such as sepiolite, quartz, muscovite, microcline, and goethite, in addition to other commodities like livestock, Ivory, Sorghum, Ghee, Hides, and Gold among others.

Banadir coast

As the Murusade clan expanded in size, they initiated a migration away from their traditional territory located in the northern-central region of Somalia, moving towards the southern regions in the company of other Hawiye clans. The Hawiye, to which the Murusade belong, hold the distinction of being the earliest Somali clan to be documented in historical records. The historical accounts trace their presence back to the 12th century, portraying them as a significant Muslim community that resided in the area ranging from Merca to Ras Hafun, encompassing the fertile lands along the "Nile of Mogadishu," known as the Webi Shabelle. Subsequent writings by Arab scholars further reinforce the prominence of the Hawiye clan, linking them to key locations such as Merca and the lower Shabelle valley. Of particular note is Merca, which is specifically identified as the "capital of Hawiye country," boasting a multitude of more than 50 settlements within its boundaries. The historical trajectory of the Murusade clan's migration aligns with the broader movement of the Hawiye clans, underscoring their shared history and cultural heritage. This journey signifies not only a physical relocation but also a symbolic continuation of the legacy and influence of the Hawiye people across different regions of Somalia.

"Since sections of the Hawiyya were migrating southward before and during Gragn's jihad, it is not inconceivable that they brought certain theocratic notions with them. Indeed, the Ajuran maintained a wakil (governor) in the region around Qallafo. This area was not only the traditional Hawiyya homeland, but also stood midway geographically between the emirates of Harar and the Benaadir, an ideal link for the transmission of political and religious ideas."

Mogadishu

Mogadishu has a rich historical background that dates back to ancient times. It served as the capital of the Sultanate of Mogadishu from the 9th to the 13th century, controlling the gold trade in the Indian Ocean. Subsequently, it came under the rule of the Ajuran Sultanate in the 13th century, a significant player in the maritime trade along the medieval Silk Road. The Murusade clan, one of the original inhabitants of Mogadishu, settled there sometime after the 10th century. According to Sheikh Mahamed Ahmed Sheikh Mahamud, a Banaadiri theologian and scholar of Banaadiri history:

"The first Somalis from the interior to interact with the Xamari were the Abgal-Reer Mataan, particularly the Yaquub of the Reer Mataan, who settled in Shingani. Additionally, the Is-Xijwaq settled at Gubta. Later, the Muse Abkood, Habar Ceyno, and Hillabi Mohamed from the Murasade (Hawiye) also arrived. These Hawiye groups were collectively referred to as the Xamar Daye, while the Xamari identified themselves as such."

The Murusade gate of the old city of Mogadishu.

Ishijwaaq, Muse Abkood, Habar Ceyno, and Hilibi Mohammed are all sub-clans of the Murusade clan. At a certain point in Mogadishu's history, elders from different factions gathered to address the rising behavioral issues in the community. This led to the establishment of cooperatives, known as iskaashatooyin. It was also decided that the town would be divided into four zones or quarters, with residents being collectively known by the name of their respective zone. Dhabar Weyne, one of these zones located near the coast, was predominantly inhabited by members of the Murusade clan. During their time there, this clan played a vital role in the city's economy by forming alliances with various clans and participating in commercial activities. Positioned strategically at the port of Xamar, they took advantage of access to lucrative markets in the Arabian Peninsula, thereby contributing to the city's economic growth. Their impact on the city was profound, as indicated by the symbolic gesture of dedicating one of the four original gateways of the ancient city in their honor. Accounts of Mogadishu's gate by Italian colonial officer Stefanini in May 1913:

"A wall surrounds all the city and opens itself to the outside through four doors (gates): one towards the sea on the north east side going to Itala and Obbia (Adala and Hobbiyo); the Gardens door (possibly near the Arba‟- Rukun mosque and garden); the Market door, from which are the roads leading to the interior and, particularly, to Afgoi, the Scidle and the Dafet (Afgooye, Jowhar and Dafet); and finally, the Mursola door to the south, leading towards Gesira, Merca and Brava (Jesira, Marka and Baraawe)"

Merca

The Murusade, in addition to Dhabarweyne, were known to operate under various aliases. Among these aliases were the Shukeerere, a group identified as traders along the Banadir coast, with significant populations in Merca, where they held a prominent position as one of the 12 Koofid. The term "Koofi" denotes a hat and is symbolic of the 12 elders or clan leaders who serve as representatives of the Merca community. Furthermore, the Shukeerere community had a presence in other Banadir towns like Mogadishu, where they predominantly resided in the Morshe cooperative.

Ajuraan Sultanate

Map of the Horn Of Africa Showing the Ajuraan Sultanate

By the 13th Century, the Hawiye clan, including the Murusade, found themselves under the governance of the Ajuuran Sultanate, which was instrumental in establishing the Ajuuran Sultanate, a powerful entity that held sway over vast territories encompassing much of southern Somalia and parts of eastern Ethiopia. This sultanate's reach extended from the northern town of Hobyo to the western region of Qelafo, and all the way down to the southern city of Kismayo. To solidify their control and authority, the Ajuuraan rulers strategically leveraged a network of Hawiye clans, including the Murusade, relying on their support to maintain Ajuuran supremacy across the land. Notably, it was during the reign of the Ajuuran Sultanate that the Murusade town of Ceel Buur flourished and emerged as a significant local trading center. Enrico Cerulli states:

"In historical terms, a theocratic ideology superimposed on an extensive network of Hawiyya-affiliated clans helped uphold Ajuran dominance over a wide region."

The Ajuuraan Sultanate collapsed in the 17th century primarily due to their implementation of excessive taxes on their populace, which led to the Hawiye initiating a rebellion and defeating the Ajuuraan Sultanate. Subsequently, the Hawiye became key figures in a new influx of Somali migrants, who were in search of safety and new opportunities elsewhere. Within this group of migrants were the Murusade, who traveled southwards alongside the Hiraab clan who would go on to establish the Hiraab Imamate as a successor to the now defunct Ajuuraan Sultanate. The Murusade played a key role in defeating the Ajuuran along the Shabelle river zone. I.M Lewis states:

"The Ajuran influence was considerable and the pressure which they exerted to the south-east contributed to the collapse of the Muzaffar dynasty of Mogadishu. Other tribes of the Hawiya family now began to appear in the south. The Herab and Murosade defeated the Ajuran and settled along the Shebelle."

Geledi Sultanate

Geledi Sultanate. Circa 1700

Following the collapse of the Ajuuran Sultanate and the subsequent migrations of the Hawiye in the lower Shabelle region, this particular era witnessed a significant increase in inter-Hawiye conflicts that were predominantly fought along clan divisions. The Murusade clan found themselves embroiled in the midst of this turmoil, engaging in numerous battles to secure power and territory within the Shabele zone, particularly facing off against the Mudlood sub-clan of the Hawiye clan. Moreover, the Murusade were also involved in clashes with the Galla community residing along the banks of the Shabelle river during this period, leading to a significant incursion across the river in close proximity to the city of Sindassi near Barawa. Subsequently, the Murusade made the decision to migrate towards the northern regions, where a majority of their skirmishes against the Mudlood sub-clan took place, further intensifying the conflicts in the area. This series of events during the time period following the Ajuuran collapse underscores the intricate web of power struggles, territorial disputes, and inter-ethnic confrontations that characterized the historical landscape of the lower Shabelle region. Colucci states

"Among their tribes, only the Uadars were included within the ancient borders of the Colony, especially represented by the Murisada or Mursola, bordering the Obbia region and the middle Shabelle. According to Colucci, a compact group occupies the villages of Demeràle, Gumurei and Màgle: originally they were in Torre and Sindassi, but defeated by the Galla, they emigrated to the north. They fought against the Hauìa Uadan and they defeated them six times, but they were then defeated and had to retreat to Balad, where, encountering with other Hauìa, the Mobilèn, succeeded well three times to beat them, but then suffered from them too a defeat and they fell back on Gheledi, welcomed as arifa by Sultan Jusuf Mahmud and occupied the lands where they still are today. To the Garanle tribe the Murisadas also belong, descended, to what they claim, from Northern Somalia to right bank of the Shabelle, south of the Mobilèn. "(Colucci, 1924: 126).

The Murusade were welcomed as 'Halifa' or allies by the Sultanate of Geledi, led by Sultan Yusuf Mohammed, who was looking to form partnerships to counter neighboring clans like the Waacdan and the Biimaal. By the close of the 17th century, the Ajuran Sultanate was experiencing a decline, causing various vassals to either gain independence or become part of emerging Somali powers. One of these emerging powers was the Silcis Sultanate, which started to assert its authority over the Afgooye region. Initially vassals, the Geledi and the Wacdaan rebelled against and expelled the Silcis by the turn of the 18th century. Subsequently, the two clans established an alliance, later joined by the Murusade, who were granted land in the northeast of the Geledi Sultanate where they founded several towns, a region they continue to inhabit to this day, taking Jareer groups as clients to farm the fields along the banks of the river. These three clans, collectively known as Geledi, formed a unified social and political entity over the following centuries, culminating in conflicts with the Italians. The primary factions within this coalition, namely the Murusade and the Wacdaan, were deemed crucial allies. Despite being part of the Geledi Sultanate, they maintained their distinct identities, engaging in the exchange of bloodwealth and other legal compensations as a united polity. They were, however, regarded as equals by the Geledi, who sought their counsel prior to making decisions.

"From time to time a general assembly, kulun, of the entire Geledi clan, was held. Such an assembly would be ordered by the sultan; any man could come who wished, but it was necessary that all the lineages should be represented....There was an attempt to hold a general kulun at the election of 1964, to choose whom the clan would elect as deputy. The sultan refused to ratify it unless the Wacdaan and Murusade were also called."

Early Modern Period

Battles against the Portuguese

The Murusade, as one of the principle clans of the Banadir coast, engaged in conflicts with the Portuguese empire, who aimed to dominate trade routes along the east African coast and the Red Sea. The Murusade resided in the vicinity of Barawa, near Sindassi, Torre, and Barawe, and aligned themselves with the Ajuraan coalition in resistance against the Portuguese forces.

The Murusade are also noted to have led attacks against the city of Barawa during this time.

"Historically, the case of Brava is closer to that of Merka, where the Zanzibarite Arabs of the city formed an alliance with the Tunni, a Digil clan, to repel the assaults of the Hawiye communities in the hinterland, the Abgal, the Murosade and the Wadan. "

Hobyo Sultanate

Upon his return from exile in the Arabian Peninsula subsequent to an unsuccessful coup d'état against his cousin Sultan Osman Mohamud of the Majeerteen Sultanate, Sultan Yusuf Kenadiid made his way back to Somalia with a group of Hadrhami soldiers, effectively overcoming local Hawiye clans before taking control of the town of Hobyo and establishing the Hobyo Sultanate, which proceeded to extend its authority over adjacent territories through diplomatic agreements, such as the incorporation of the Murusade region of Ceel Buur and its environs.

In the latter part of 1888, Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid initiated a diplomatic request to Italy to establish his Hobyo Sultanate as an Italian protectorate, driven by Italy's expansionist goals and his power struggles against Boqor Osman and the Hiraab Sultanate. On 27 December 1894 the Murusade Sultan and elders signed the act of protectorate in Mogadishu.

Italy, appointing Cesare Maria De Vecchi as governor in 1923, began by disarming the sultanates and swiftly invaded Hobyo in October 1925 with new Zaptié forces, transitioning it from a sovereign state to an administrative district. On 9 November, the Italian forces faced a mutiny led by military chief Omar Samatar, resulting in the recapture of El Buur and an expansion of the rebellion to the local population despite the protectorate agreement signed by the Sultan. Despite three attempts to regain control, including an ambush that caused heavy casualties, the death of the operation's commander and failed operations led to a decline in morale among Italian troops.  As a consequence of the death of the commander of the operations and the effect of three failed operations intended to overcome the El Buur mutiny, the spirit of Italian troops began to wane.

The El-Buur incident led Italy to change its strategy due to memories of the Adwa defeat by Abyssinia. The Governor took the situation seriously and requested Eritrean battalions to reinforce troops. De Vecchi used tactics such as buying loyalty to weaken resistance before reinforcements arrived. These tactics were more effective than the military campaign, leading to a gradual weakening of resistance. The new policy was considered successful due to the potential chaos that would follow. Italian troops eventually captured El Buur on December 26, 1925, forcing Omar Samatar's forces to retreat to Western Somaliland.

Italian Somaliland

Despite the fact that the Sultan of the Clan had officially signed a protectorate agreement with the Italians, certain branches of the clan residing in the southern regions, which were significantly distanced from the direct authority of the Sultan and the clan elders, persisted in engaging in conflicts against the Italian forces. This was particularly evident in the case of branches that had established strategic alliances with the aforementioned Geledi Sultanate, thereby strengthening their resistance efforts. The alliance formed by the Geledi, Wacdaan, and Murusade factions emerged as a pivotal and influential force that actively opposed the Italian presence in the region.

Lafoole Clash

On November 25, 1896, the Italian government authorized an expedition to explore the inland areas. This authorization was eagerly anticipated by Cecchi, who was determined to finalize agreements with the influential Sultan of Geledi, whom he believed to be pivotal to Italy's plans for Somalia. However, it became apparent that the Sultan did not accurately represent the sentiments of the local population, who vehemently opposed Italian expansion in the region. After establishing their camp at Lafoole in the evening, the expedition group was unexpectedly ambushed, leading to a fierce confrontation. Despite this initial attack, it did not definitively halt the progress of the expedition. The following morning, a renewed and more intense assault took place, ultimately resulting in the decisive defeat of the Italian expedition, with only three survivors left to recount the harrowing defeat that they suffered. Lee V. Cassanelli states:

"Geledi’s long-time allies the Wacdaan had apparently acted independently at Lafoole; and they had been assisted by a handful of warriors from the Murursade"

Following the humiliating defeat of the Italian forces, commonly referred to as the 'Lafoole Massacre' in the Italian media, a series of retaliatory actions took place. Approximately five months after the Lafoole incident, Sorrentino, supported by reinforcements from two Eritrean companies, led an aggressive response against the Murusade and other tribes associated with the defeat at Lafoole. This retribution involved the destruction of Lafoole, the bombardment of the coastal village of Nimow from the sea, and subsequent assaults on several other villages connected to the Geledi and Murusade clans. The aftermath of these events significantly impacted Italian colonial ambitions, influencing both their morale and strategic objectives.

"It was the first colonial attempt to penetrate the interior with a military contingent, and it ended disastrously for the Italians."

The Murusade, in conjunction with a coalition formed by various clans, would go on to thwart Italian advancements into the inland areas of the inter-riverine region, effectively maintaining a line of defense for over two decades.

Modern Period

Somali Republic

In 1949, following the conclusion of the British military administration, Italian Somaliland transitioned into a United Nations trusteeship named the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian administration. This trusteeship lasted for a decade, spanning from 1950 to 1960, during which legislative elections occurred in 1956 and 1959. In May 1954, local elections took place in the Trust Territory of Somaliland to select representatives for 35 municipalities. The Murusade community overwhelmingly backed the Somali Youth League, although some individuals were influenced by the SAU, who exploited the discord between the Murusade, Abgal, and Habar Gidir Saleeban, with the Habar Gidir Sa'ad. Additionally, the Murusade established a clan-based political party that participated in Municipal elections and secured some electoral support.

Pre-Civil War

Following the Ogaden war in 1977, the popularity of Somalia's president Mohammed Siad Barre began to diminish, leading to widespread discontent among his generals which resulted in an attempted coup d'état on April 10, 1978, led by colonel Irro and 16 other men including one Murusade. In an attempt to retain his authority, Barre's administration started to exhibit increasingly totalitarian tendencies. Initially, the Murusade clan showed support for Barre's government due to the privileges they enjoyed, enabling their businesses to flourish and making the clan wealthier. The Murusade clan were referred to as privileged during this period. The Murusade clan held significant influence in key economic sectors, with near monopoly over the country's fourth largest export. However, towards the end of the 1980s, the relationship between the Murusade clan and Barre deteriorated due to heightened totalitarian violence by Barre's regime against the Somali people.

At this juncture, Barre, apprehensive of a potential uprising from the Murusade clan, resorted to issuing threats in order to maintain control over them.

"the Murusade and the Majeerteen clan members, ambitious as they were, deemed a danger to the security and safety of Siad Barre and had to be dispersed once and for all."

One such incident took place in July of 1989, wherein Barre dispatched notable Murusade businessmen to Hargeisa to witness the devastation he had inflicted upon its residents, serving as a thinly disguised warning to deter the Murusade from challenging his authority.

"In Mogadishu, the regime did not spare Isaaqs. On 15 July 1989, forty-seven Isaaq civilians in Mogadishu were taken from their homes to Jazira Beach west of the city and were summarily executed. 159 The execution was reportedly well- planned. For instance, after the regime's genocidal act against the Isaaq people Barre sent leading Hawiye businessmen to Hargeisa to observe its destruction, thereafter, reminding the Abgal and Murusade traders that Mogadishu was their goof [private land] and armed opposition against his regime meant that he was ready to destroy Mogadishu as well."

Despite the threats, however, by the late 1980s, the Murusade clan altered their position and aligned with the opposition. Ali Wardhigley, a member of the Murusade clan, served as the Vice-Chairman of the SNM from 1984 to 1987. Subsequently, he founded the United Somali Congress in Rome on January 7, 1989, in response to severe actions taken against the Hawiye clan by the government of Mohamed Siad Barre. In 1989 at the house of Ali Geedi Shadoor, a former member of the last civilian parliament, the USC deliberated and reached an agreement to divide power among the Hawiye clans. The Murusade were to be responsible for foreign affairs. Between 1989 until his eventual ouster in 1991, President Barre initiated extensive crackdowns and utilized force against the Hawiye people in their regions in Southern and Central Somalia.

Civil War

In January 1991, USC rebels emerged victorious over the Red Berets, who were Barre's specialized forces, resulting in the collapse of Barre's control over the government. Despite this triumph, the USC was unsuccessful in negotiating a political agreement with other rebel factions such as the SNM, SPM, and the SSDF. Additionally, internal divisions arose within the USC leadership when Ali Mahdi Muhammad was appointed interim President. Subsequently, the USC faction divided into two rival groups within the Hawiye clan, one led by Mahdi, supported by the Abgals, and the other by Aideed, supported by the Habar Gidir. Although the Murusade initially remained neutral, they were drawn into the conflict following a sudden assault by Aideed's forces on districts dominated by the Murusade in January 1993, resulting in the loss of numerous innocent lives. The Habar Gidir Militia discovered substantial amounts of money hidden in boxes and cartons within Murusade businesses, prompting them and other prominent Somali clans to adopt the pejorative tribal slang 'Kuwaiti' in reference to the affluent Gulf nation.

Following the attck, the Murusade clan sided with Mahdi in opposition to Aideed. However, subsequent disagreement with the Abgal, lead to confrontations between the two clans in October of 1994. Hostilities continued sporadically into January of 1995, in which month the two clans brokered a peace agreement.

Leaders

Current Sultan: Sultan Hassan Ahmed Sabriye

Current Ugaas: Ugaas Abdullahi Ugaas Haashi Faracadde

Distribution

Distribution of the Murusade in Galguduud

The Murusade clan predominantly resides in the central and southern regions of Somalia particularly in Galgaduud and Mudug which fall under the Galmudug state of Somalia, in addition to Banadir, Lower Shabelle and Middle Shabelle, as well as to varying extents in Bay and Bakool.

Within Galgaduud, the Murusade primarily inhabit the central El Buur district, which is one of five districts in the region, constituting the majority. They are also present in the adjacent El Dher district, comprising the predominant population in the northeastern sector of the district, extending down from El Buur through the inland areas, including towns such as Bargaan, and proceeding southward towards the coastline of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the Murusade also inhabit the neighbouring Mudug region, particularly Harardhere and Hobyo.

In Banadir, the Murusade are predominantly clustered around the national capital Mogadishu also, forming some of the earliest inhabitants of the city. They mainly inhabit the districts of Daynille, Hodan, Hawle-Wadag and Warta-Nabada but can also be found in other districts. The Mursade clan has established itself as a prominent force in these regions, transforming them into crucial centers that serve as epicenters of activity for a sizable community. This community is deeply engaged in the process of molding and influencing the social, economic, and political fabric of the city. Through their active involvement, the Mursade clan has played a pivotal role in nurturing the advancement and progress of Mogadishu, making it an even more vibrant and dynamic metropolis.

In Lower Shabelle, their communities can be found stretching down from the Dayniile district in Benaadir along the coast, most notably in Afgoye, Merca, Qoryooley, and Barawe, among others.

Distribution Somali clans including the Murusade

I.M Lewis (1995) states about the Murusade presence in Lower Shabelle:

The Murosade, who have become detached in the process of tribal movement, are found in small groups in the region of Merca and, in a larger body, below the Shebelle around Afgoi. They are essentially pastoralists although they practise some cultivation, and in the Merca region are engaged in the caravan trade.

Genealogy

• Samaale
  • Irir
    • Hawiye
      • Karanle
        • Gidir Karanle
        • Sexawle Karanle
        • Karaiye Karanle
        • Mursal Karanle (Murusade)
          • Khalibar
          • Wacayle
          • Makahan
          • Himyar
          • Haylah
          • Warwaaq
          • Jiilaal
          • Wacsalah
            • Sabti
              • Majabe Sabti
                • Abakar
                  • Israfiil Abakar
                    • Hasanle
                      • Mohammed Mahmuud
                      • Carif Mahmuud
                      • Omar Mahmuud
                      • Siicow Mahamuud
                    • Gabood
                      • Abakar Wasuge
                        • Mahamuud Abakar
                        • Ahmed Gaab
                        • Jim'ale
                      • Mahamuud Wasuge
                      • Mataan Wasuge
                      • Gurey
                        • Hassan Gurey
                    • Dhaleey
                      • Adam Cigalle
                      • Mahmuud Wehiliye
                      • Ali Abdalle Dhaleey
                  • Codweyne Abakar
                    • Hussein Coodweyne
                      • Dhilaay (Muuse)
                      • Muusetuur (Axmed)
                      • Najac Kaboole
                        • Mahamuud
                        • Ali
                      • Mohammed Hassan
                    • Mahamuud
                      • Hashane
                        • Mohammed Cigalle (Dhagaweyne)
                          • Osman
                          • Jibriil
                          • Mahamuud
                          • Ahmed
                          • Ali
                          • Omar
                          • Amanle
                          • Saldhale
                          • Jim'ale
                        • Adam Cigalle
                        • Amaanle
                      • Ibrahim
                        • Goondale
                        • Dirir
                  • Saeed
                    • Tuurweyne Saeed
                    • Abdirahmaan Saeed
                    • Aadan Saeed
                    • Rooble Saeed
                • Habar Idinle
                  • Ayansame
                    • Hassan
                      • Dumaal
                        • Muhammed Ali
                        • Ahmed Ibrahim
                    • Hussein
                      • Hassan Gadaf
                        • Adan Sultan
                          • Abdullahi Adan Sultan
                          • Cadow Adan
                          • Musa Adan
                  • Gumacade
              • Ibrahim Sabti
              • Abdalla Sabti
                • Absuge
                  • Mohammed Yar
                    • Adan gaab
                    • Hassan caad
                    • Abu-bakr Mohammed
                  • Mahamuud Faqaay
                    • Ahmed Musa
                    • Osman Musa
                      • Isse Osman
                      • Roble Osman
                    • Ali Musa
                    • Hagaleey
                • Ilkaguduud
                  • Hassan
                  • Caraale
                  • Hareed
            • Foorculus
              • Mohamed Foorculus
                • Hilibi (Bah Sheikhaal)
                  • Qanyare Ishijwaaq
                    • Tolweyne Qanyare
                      • Mahamed Wehiliye
                      • Ebakar
                        • Xuursho Abakar
                          • Ali xurshoow
                            • Maxamed faqay
                            • Xalane Faqay
                            • Cumar Faqay
                            • Abdi Faqay
                          • Cabdulle xurshoow
                          • ismaan xurshoow
                        • Hassan Abakar
                        • Gaab Abakar
                      • Ali Omar
                      • Saaberey
                      • Mataan Ali
                    • Yabar Qanyare
                      • Cigalle
                      • Ali
                      • Aden
                      • Reer Farah
                  • Hassan Ishijwaaq
                    • Ciligaab
                    • Cisman Mahamed
                      • Hassan Adde
                    • Ahaalow
                  • Omar Ishijwaaq
                    • Ma'alin Cigalle
                    • Abdalla Cigalle
                    • Mataan Cigalle
                    • Hassan Cigalle
                • Ahmed Mohammed (Daguuro, Bah Ajuuran)
                  • Bah Maqafaad
                    • Faqay
                    • Isse
                    • Hassan
                  • Bah Muse
                    • Da'ale
                    • Afeey
                    • Geedow
                  • Bah Roon
                    • Osman
                    • Arablawe
              • Habar Ceyno (Abakar, Bah Abgaal)
                • Mahadle
                • Mahammed
                  • Sharey
                • Yebedhaalo
                • Ogoliye
                  • Cindif
                  • Yirird
                • Tashiil
                  • Ali
                    • Tolweyne Ali
                      • Omar Faqi Hassan
                      • Aalim Reer Ugaas
                    • yabar Ali
                    • Omar Ali
                      • Adan
                      • Shareey
                      • Ali
                    • Ali
                      • Gadafley
                      • Khilaaf
                        • Ahmed
                        • Idris
                        • Aflah
                  • Abdalla Irba
                    • Idriis Irba
                    • Jimcaale Cariif
                    • Saleebaan Irba
                    • Huud Irba
                  • Habar yaabiye
                    • Jibraael
                    • Qardabo

Notable people

• Hassan Ali Kheyre, former prime minister of Somalia
• Mohammed Afrah Qanyare, former faction leader, Politician and Businessman (Deceased)
• General Mohammed Sheikh Osman, former general and politician.(Deceased)
• General Elmi Nuur, former general of the SNA. Received the highest medals of honour in service of the Somalia's defence during the 1964 Ethio-Somali border war.(Deceased)
• Hassan Moalim, current minister of constitution and justice.
• Ali Mohamed Osoble, Member of parliament, Co-founder of the USC and vice-chairman of the SNM. (Deceased)
• Abdulkadir Yahya Ali, a peace activist known for his work through his own Centre for Research and Dialogue.
• Abdirahman Yusuf Hussein Aynte, politician and journalist. worked for the BBC, VOA and Al Jazeera English. Former Minister of Planning and International Cooperation and former Senior Advisor to the President of Somalia.
• Ibrahim Omar Mahadale, Former deputy governor of Banadir, Current member of parliament.
• Ahmed Mohamud Yusuf Chairman & CEO of Hormuud Telecom, winner of the CEO of the Year Award at the World Communications Award
• Hiirey Qasim Wehelie, Prominant politician and businessman, served as governor and district commissioner in several regions and as Minister of Housing and Urban Development. (Deceased)
• Elian Yahye, Somali Dutch activist and Netherland youth representative for the United Nations.
• Mohammed Moallim Hassan, former politician and minister of fishery and marine resources.
• Mariam Arif Gassim, Former Member of parliament, Former Chair of the Constitution Review Committee of the Federal Parliament of Somalia and credited author of Somali history.
• Mohamed Hassan Xaad, First and current chairman of the elders council of the Hawiye Somali clan family formed to represent the Hawiye clan and advocate for their interests.